Direct Address (Breaking the 4th wall):

Direct address also commonly known as 'breaking the 4th wall' is where a character in a TV drama directly addresses the audience. I found a clip from the BBC Two comedy Miranda in which Miranda Hart's character Miranda commonly breaks the 4th wall with the audience. This is shown at approximately 1.04 minutes in where Miranda says "I literally can't make it any clearer" directly to the camera/audience.

Sound Motif:

A sound motif is a sound or tune associated with an individual character or situation. Viewers can tell from this specific sound  and relate it to a certain character or situation as it is constantly repeated throughout the series and episodes. The example i found was a sound clip from Doctor Who of the Tardis. Every time you hear this sound you know that the doctor has arrived in his Tardis. http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/sounds/tardis.mp3

Parallel Sound:

Parallel sound is when we watch a TV drama and the sound/muisc we hear usually compliments and follows what we see on screen. I got a good example from a Fast and Furious car chase, the background music you hear isnt overpowing or extremely loud but it does add an effect to the chase scene as it builds up a crescendo which creates an intense, exhilerating atmosphere which really suits the face pace and building pressure of the car chase. 

Contrapuntal Sound:

On the other hand we have contrapuntal sound, which is the opposite to parallel sound. Contrapuntal sound does not fit to the images we see on screen, which can add even more of a intense/dramatic effect. The clip i found of this is from the film Insidious one of the scarier scenes where the song 'Tip Toe Through The Tulips' by Tiny Tim is being played on a crackling old-fashioned grammophone with a supernatural ghost dancing along to the dismay of the woman who lives there. This upbeat song being put with a scary scene create a very eery and uneasy atmosphere.